Art and apparatus for producing ground articles



Nov, 27, 1928.

L. R. HEIM ART AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GROUND ARTICLES Fild Feb. 17, 1923 3 Sheets-Shae;

M INVENTOR WWJ Mm ATTORNEY Nov. 27, 1928;

L. R. HEIIM ART AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GROUND ARTICLES Filed Feb. 17, 1923 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 llllll IIII I mmw V A flow Er Nov. 27, 1928.

L. R. HEIM v ART AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GROUND ARTICLES File ad Feb. 17, 1925 s Sheets-Sheet Wwiw ATTORNE Patented Nov. 27,

UNtTE STATES 1,692,834 PATENT OFFICE.

LEWIS B, HEIM, 0F DANBURY, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO CINCINNATI GRINDERS INCORPORATED, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, A CORPORA TION, OF OHIO.

ART AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GROUND ARTICLES.

Application filed February 17, 1923. Serial No. 619,597.

Thisinvention relates to an art and apparatus for grinding, particularly for grinding cylindrical bodies.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a simple and practical art and apparatus for elliciently, accurately and dependably reducing articles or objects to true cylindrical form. Another object is to provide grinding apparatus of rugged, simple and durable construction, of reliable and effective action, and of ready adaptability to the varying requirements of practical use. Another object is to provide apparatus of the above character that may be adjusted, set up or trued for the desired grinding. action in a simple, practical and thoroughly reliable manner and without the requirement of a high degree of skill. Another objectis to provide an art of grinding that may be inexpensively and readily carried on in a thoroughly practical manner. Other objects will be in part obvious or in part pointed out hereinafter.

' The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements, arrangements of parts and in the sev- 0 al steps and relation and order of each of the same to one or more of the others, all as will be illustratively described herein, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which is shown one of various possible embodiments of the mechanicalfeatures of this invention,

Figure 1 is a front elevation of .the apparat us in assembled relation;

Figure 2 is a plan view thereof;

Figure 3 is an end View as seen from the left-hand end of Fig. 1, certain parts being shown in sectional elevation substantially along the line 33 of Fig. 1. and

Figure 4 is a side elevation on an enlarged scale of the means for supporting the articles or work to be operated upon.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughmit the several viewsof the drawings.

Referring now to the drawings, there is shown at 10 a main frame or standard, the upper face of which is inclined downwardly and rearward 1 as viewed in Fig. 1, or downwardly to the right as viewed in Fig. 3, at an angle illustratively shown in this latter figure as being in the neighborhood of 30, and

the purpose of which will be more clearly hereinafter set forth. The upper inclined face or table of the main frame 10 is provided with guiding ways extending longitudinally of the frame 10, whieh'ways preferably take the form of'a substantially V-shaped guidng way 11 suitably formed (see Fig. 3) adjacent that end of the upper face of the frame 10 of higher elevation, and a guiding I way 12 preferably in the form of a substantially plane surface adjacent the end of the face of the table '10 of lower elevation. The

guiding ways 11 and 12 preferably extend throughout the entire longitudinal extent of the upper face of the main frame 10 in order thus to simplify and facilitate the construe; tion and assembly of the apparatus.

At the right-hand end of the main frame 10 (see Figsl and. 2) there is supported? slidably on the ways 11 and 12 a carriage" 13 suitably formed on itsunder side to pro vide a downwardly extending V-shaped projection 14 extending longitudinally of the carriage 13 for coa'ction with the .V-shaped guiding way 11 and to provide a plane surface portion 15 for coaction with the guiding way 12.

The carriage 13 is provided adjacent its inner end with a pair of spaced bearings 19 preferably of substantially the same height with respect to the carriage 13, and in the bearings 19 is rotatably supported the shaft 20 upon the forward end of which, as viewed in Fig. 2, is mounted a grinding wheel 21. lntern'iediate of the spaced bearings 19 the shaft 20 is provided with a pulley 22 through which driving connection with any suitable source of power may be made, as by means of the belt 28, for example. The grinding wheel 21 is preferably of substantially true w The carriage 18 is thus supported slidably in inclined relation, and it willbe spaced bearings 24 is adapted to permit connection to be made with any suitable source of driving power, as, for example, by means of the belt 28. At this point it may be noted that the regulatin wheel 26 is preferably composed of a suitalole abrasive material an like the grinding wheel 21, is preferably of substantially true cylindrical form. lit may also be noted that by the construction hereinabove provided the axis of the regulating wheel 26 is also inclined with respect to the horizontal as viewed in Fig. 3 and, where the two wheels are cylindrical, the axes preferably lie in the same horizontal plane and are parallel to each other in this plane. More- 0ver,--it may be noted that in mounting these wheels upon the overhanging or upper ends of their respective shafts their operative surfaces are presented adjacent one another for coaction upon the work, as willbe more clearly hereinafter described, and also there results such a distribution of the weight (see Fig. of the several parts as to insure a reliable and dependable guiding of the carriages throughout their slidable movement in the V-shaped guiding channel or way 11.

The wheels 21'and 26 are preferably encased in a suitably formed protective housing 29 suitably secured to the upper forward portion of the main frame 10 as at 30, for example, suitable openings being provided in the rear of the casing 29 to permit a substantial movement of the supporting shafts of the wheels to take place as the carriages 13 and 16 are moved relatively to one another or to the main frame 10. The casing 29, moreover, is in such proportions as to permit a substantial relative movement of the wheels therein to take place.

Considering now the means for-adjustably positioning the carriages 13 and 16 along the supporting ways, and referring more par ticularly to Figs. 1 and 2 it will be'seen that the carriage 16 is provided with a downwardly extending boss 31 through which is threaded a shaft 32 suitably supported in the upper left-hand portion of the main frame 10 and held against longitudinal movement as by means of the collars These collars 33 rest against the opposite ends of the bearing 34 supporting the left-hand end of the shaft 32. The threaded portion of the shaft 32extends throughout only such a fraction of the length of the shaft as will give the carriage reaaeea 16 the desired range of travel, and the unthreaded portion extends at its right-hand end through a sleeve 35 to a hand wheel 36 at the righthand end of the machine as viewed in Figs. 1 and2. Thus it will be seen that as the hand wheel 36 is rotated in onedirec- -tion or the other the carriage 16 is moved alon the su ortin wa s either toward or vrespondingly varies the position of the regulating wheel 26.

The carriage 13 is provided-with a downwardly extending threaded boss 37 in which is received the externally threaded sleeve 35.

The sleeve 35 extendsthrough a bearing 38 in the upper right-hand portion of the main away from the center of the machine and corframe 10 and is held against longitudinal movement by the collars 39. The sleeve 35 is of such length and is threaded throughout such an extent'thereof as to give the desired range of travel to the carriage 13. At its outer end the sleeve 35 has mounted upon it the hand wheel 40 to permit manual control of thesleeve and hence of the position of the carriage 13-with the grinding wheel 21.

Considering now the supporting means for the work, and referring moreparticularly to Fig. 4 of the drawings, it may first be noted that the casing 29 is provided at its lower substantially central portion with a bridge portion 29 providing an upper supporting surface, the inclination of which to the hori-' zontal is preferably substantially similar to that given the inclination of the axes of the I wheels, as hereinbefore described. Upon this supporting surface provided by the bridging portion 29 rests a carrier frame 41 provided at its forward end with a transversely and substantially downwardly extending plate 42 preferably integrally formed therewith and provided with a transversely extending slot 43 (see Fig. 1) through which passes the cap screw 44 for locking the carrier frame 41 to the rigidly mounted casing 29 and to the bridging portion 29 thereof- The slot 43 thus provided permits the carrier frame 41 with its associated parts to be adjusted to the right or left as viewed in Fig. 1 and locked, in adjusted position,

The carrier frame 41 is provided with a Mlll v illll pair of posts 45 and 46 extending upwardly and transversely therefrom and one on each side of the coacting wheels (see Fig. 4) The posts 45 and 46 are slotted along the length of the carrier frame41, as viewed in Fig. 4,

.to provide an inclined guiding way 47' (see also Fig. 1) in which is positioned a wedge member 48 adapted to be adjustablypositioned along the guiding way 47. The upper surface of the wedge member 48 is preferably inclined downwardly and rearwardly as viewedin Fig. 1, or downwardly to the right as viewed in Fig. 4, to be preferably in substantial alignment with the inclined plane of the axes of the two wheels (see Fig. 3). Upon the wedge member. 48 and supported within the slotted posts and 46 rests a work carrier or support 49 taking the form preferably of a flat piece of steel having its upper surface inclined downwardly toward the regulating wheel, as is shown in Fig. 1 of the drawlngs. In this surface there is formed a recess, here shown as square, in which is fitted a wear strip 50 onwhich the work rests. This wear strip 50 is of hardened steel and is adapted to directly support the work, and upon its surface becoming worn it is readily removable and may be reinserted after turning it through 90 to substitute an unworn surface thereof. The surface of the carrier 49, moreover, is inclined along its length as viewed in Fig. 4 to substantially the same degree as are the axes of the tWo wheels, as hereinabove described, and it may at this point he notedv that this lengthwise inclination is of such an extent that the work, herein illustratively shown at 51 as a succession of cylindrical rolls such as are used in roller bearings, for example, will be moved or fed along the path of travel provided by the carrier 49 and in a direction substantially coincident with the axis of the rolls bythe action of gravity, as will be more clearly hereinafter described.

Suitable guide plates are associated-with the work carrier 49 for guiding the work into operative relation .to the two wheels, and since substantially similar guide plates are provided for guiding the work out of operative relation from'the wheels, only'the former will be herein described in detail. Referring now to Figs. 1 and 4 of the drawings, it will first. be noted that upon either side of the work carrier 49 there are provided guided plates 52 and 53 pivotally secured at their lower ends to the post 45, as by means of the adjustable screws 54 and 55, respectively. The extreme lower ends 52 and 53" rest upon shoulders 45" and 45",,

respectively, forn'iedexteriorly in the lower portion of the post 45, and adjacent the upper ends of the guide plates 52 and 53 are.

the adjustable screws 56 and 57, respectively, in threaded engagement therewith adapted to abut against the upper portion of the post 45. At the extreme upper inner portions of the guide plates 52 and 53 the latter are provided with wear plates 52 and 53", respectively, preferably formed of hardened steel.

By adjust-ably positioning the screws 56 and 57 with respect to the screws 54 and 55, respectively, the guide plates 52 and 53 may be swung inwardly toward the, carrier49 when it is desired to accommodate thereon work of smaller diameter, or may be swung in reverse direction whenit isdee sired to accommodatethereon work of'larger diameter.

Considering now the action of the apparaand v tus, it may first be noted that the grinding wheel 21 is rotated at a suitable grinding speed in counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 1, and that the regulating wheel,26 is rotated at a relatively low speed and in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in this figure. The regulating wheel, moreover, is driven at a speed such that its operative surface may control the rotation of the work 51 and preferably give the work a positive and uniform rotation". The several parts are first set or adjusted for operation upon Work of the desired diameter and thus, for example, the forward guide plates and 53, as well as the IGfi1{1l1id0 plates 58 and 59 (see Fig. 2) are spaced apart to guide the work into and out of operative relation to the wheels, respectively. The spacing of the operative surfaces of the two wheels may also be adjusted as by means of the hand wheels 36 and 40.

The work 51 which may be supplied to the worksupport or carrier 49 in any suitable manner is urged by gravity against the regulating wheel surface'by reason of the lateral inclination of the supporting surface of the carrier, as viewed in Fig. 1, and is thus evenly maintained in operative relation thereto throughout its extent of movement relative to the regulating wheel surface. The regulating wheel 26 controls the rotation of the work 51 upon the carrier 49 during the grinding action thereon by the grinding wheel 21 and it may at this point be noted that the lateral inclination of the supporting surface of the work carrier 49 permits the regulating wheel,

upon the latter engaging a projecting 1rreg-- wvork is quickly perfected and cut into true shape by'th'e grinding wheel as it is rotated about its axis by the regulating wheel.

The work carrier, 49 moreover. as hereinabove described, is inclined lengthwise with respect to the horizontal to a sufficient extent to permit movement of the work 51 lengthwise of the carrier 49 by the action of gravity. This inclination is, as hereinabove noted, illustratively shown in the drawings as being in the neighborhood of 30", and such an inclination is effective to bring about a positive movement of the work in an axial direction along the carrier 49 during the action of the wheels thereon. It may he noted, however, that thisangle of inclination may be made greateror less than 30, and in practice it has been found that an inclination equal to or greater than approximately 20 to the horizontal is effective to bring about the feed of the work along the carrier.

In this connection it may be noted that the 90 therewith; and it will thus be noted that the regulating wheel is thus freed from exerting a component of thrust upon the work in an axial direction. The operative surface of the grinding wheel 21 moves downwardly with respect to the carrier 49 (or the path of travel for the work provided thereby) in a path making substantially 90 therewith and is thus also freed from exerting a component of thrust upon the work 51 in the direction of the axis of the work. This relation of the operative surfaces of the two wheels is preferably brought about when the wheels are cylindrical by making the inclination of the I axes of the two wheels substantially similar to the inclination of the carrier surface with respect to the horizontal, as hereinabove described, and it will thus be seen that the work is moved or fed-along the carrier without a feeding action thereon by either of' the wheels.

It may at this point be noted that the paths of contact of the work with the wheels, for accuracy of grinding action, must be parallel and by the construction above described it will be seen that, in avoiding a relative inclination between the path of travel of the work along the work carrier 49 andeither of the'paths of travel of the operative surfaces of the two wheels, these paths of contact are not only maintained parallel with each other but also parallel to the path of travel of the work along the carrier. Moreover, the operative surfaces of the two wheels, in being cylindrical surfaces, provide adjacent operative portions of which each element, (which may constitute a path of contact with the work) meets the conditions above set forth. Thus it will be seen that, for example, when it is desired to grind work of lesser diameter, and the wheels having once been trued to cylindrical form, the work carrier 49 may, be lowered with respect to its supporting posts as by moving. the wedge member 48 toward the right as viewed n Flg. 4; or, when it is desired to operate upon work of larger (:hameter', the

work carrier 49 may be raised with respect toto the adjacent operative portions ofthe two wheels, as by moving the wedge member to the left, as viewed in Fig. '4. W'ith either of these adjustments, the paths of contact of the two surfaces with the work will be at all times parallel, as well as parallel to the path of travel of the work provided by the carrier 49, and thus the necessity for truing the wheel surfaces individually for each different diameter of work operated upon is avoided. In this connection it might also benoted that the wheels may be adjusted toward or away from one another, as by means of their respective hand wheels, to bring about substantially the eoaesa bolts 60 and 61, the carrier 49 being suit-ably slotted to accommodate the bolts and to permit the adjustment thereof to take place.-

I It will thus be seen that there has been providedinthis invention an art and apparatus for grinding in which the several obj eets hereinabove set forth, as well as many advantages, are achieved. It will be seen that the apparatus is of simple and rugged construction, that it is maintained in accurate operative condition for the Varying requirements of practical use in a simple manner and without the requirement of intricate adj ustments and consequent skill. Moreover, it may be noted that the apparatus, as well as the art herein provided, is thoroughly practical in its nature and well adapted for accurate and dependable action throughout a wide range of practical requirements when inuse.

As many possible embodiments may be made of, the mechanical features of the above inventionv and as the art herein described might be varied in various parts. all without departing from the scope of the invention, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

ll claim as my invention:

1. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a grinding wheel, a regulati'ng wheel rotatable at relatively low speed, said wheels being adapted to present operative surfaces traveling in opposite directions with respect to an intermediate point and means positioned between the operative surfaces of said wheels for holding work of round section in operative relation to said two wheels and for guiding the work in an axial direction in a path making an angle with the horizontal equal to or greater than that at which gravity will feed the work along without a feeding component of either of said wheels.

2. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, supporting means providing a path of travel for work inclined lengthwise to the horizontal at an angle equal to or greatcrthan that at which gravity will feed the work along said supporting means, a regulating wheel rotatable at relatively low speed positioned on one sideof said worksupporting means, and a grinding wheel positioned on the other side of said supporting means, said wheels being adapted to present operative surfaces traveling in opposite directions, the respective paths of travel of which surfaces are substantially at right angles to the path of travel of the work determined by said work-supporting means.

3. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, supporting means providing a path of travel for work inclined lengthwise to the horizontal at an angle equal to or greater than that at which gravity will feed the work long said supporting means, a cylindrical regulating wheel rotatable at relatively low speed and presenting an operative surface, the path of travel of which is substantially at right angles to the path of travel of work along said supporting means, said wheel being positioned on one side of said work-supporting means, and a cylindrical grinding wheel positioned on the otherside thereof and presenting an operative surface, the path of travel of which is substantially at right angles to the path of travel of the work on said supporting means.

4. ltn apparatus of the character described, in combination, supporting means providing a path of travel for work inclined lengthwise to the horizontal at an angle equal to or greater than that at which gravity will feed the work along said supporting means, a regulating wheel positioned at one side of said work support and rotatable at relatively low speed, a grinding wheel positioned on the other. s1de of said supporting means, sa1dwheels being adapted to present operative surfaces traveling in opposite directions, and means rotatably mounting each of said wheels with its axis inclined to the horizontal to the same degree as is the path of travel of the work provided by said worksiipporting means.

of said Wheels.

5. In apparatus of the character described,

in combination, a grinding wheel, a regulating wheel rotatable at. relatively low speed, said wheels being adapted to present operative surfaces traveling in opposite directions with respect to an intermediate point, and

work-supporting means providing'a work-J supporting surface extending between said wheels inclined laterally toward the operative surface of .said regulatlng Wheel and inclined lengthwise to the horizontal t6 permitgravity to have a substantial effect in feeding said work past the operative surfaces 6. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a grinding wheel, a regulating wheel rotatable at relatively low speed,

said wheels being adapted to present operative surfaces traveling in opposite directions with respect to an intermediate point, and

work-supporting means providing a worksup-portlng surface extending between said wheels inclined laterally toward the operative surface of said regulating wheel and inclined lengthwise to the horizontal at an angle equal to or greater than that at which gravity will feed the work along said supporting means, the path of travel of the operaclined support so that gravity is effective to move said body along said support in a direction substantially coincident with the axis of i said body, rotating said body about its axis during its movement along said support,-and performing a grinding operation thereon duringits rotation and movement on. said support. 4

8. The herein described art which consists in providing a support for a cylindrical body v inclined to an extent equal to or greater than that at which gravity will move said body along said support and in a direction substantially coincident with the axis of said body,

moving a regulating surface adjacent said support and on one side thereof in a direction to cause'only rotation of saidbodyas it is moved'along said support, and moving a grinding surface adjacent said support along "the other side thereof at a grinding speed to perform only a grinding action thereon as said body is moved along said support.

9. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, supporting means providing a path of travel for work inc-lined lengthwise to the horizontalat an angle equal to or greater than that at which gravity will feed work along said supporting means, a regulating wheel rotatable at relatively low speed positioned on one side of said supporting means, a grinding wheel positioned on the otherside thereof, said wheels being adapted to present operative surfaces traveling in opposite directions with respect to said supporting means but substantially at right angles to the path of travel of work along said supporting means and the operative portions of which present elements progressively more distant from each other but parallel toeach other, and means for adjustably positioning said work-supporting means between more distant elements ofsaid operative portions.

, 10. In apparatus of the character described in combination, supporting means providing a path of travel for work inclined lengthwise to the horizontal at an angle equal to or greater-than that at which gravity will feed the work along said supporting means, a. cylindrical regulating wheel rotatable at relatively low speed and presenting an operative surface, the path of travel of which is substantially at right angles to the path of travel of work along said supporting means, said wheel being positioned on one side of said work-supporting means, a cylindrical grinding wheel positioned on the other side thereof and presenting an operative surface, the path of travel of which is substantiall} at right angles to the path of travel of the Work on said supporting means, and means forad- ]ustably ralsing or lowerlng said supporting means while maintaining it parallel to it-' self.

11.1n apparatus of the character described, in combination, a main frame, worksupporting means, a regulating wheel mount ed upon said main frame and positioned at one side of said supporting means adapted to provide a regulating surface for controlling the rotation of the Work on said supporting means, a grinding wheel presenting a pcripheral operative surface for grinding action upon the Work upon said supporting means, and means -mounting said grinding wheel rotatably upon said main'frame with the axis of said wheel inclined to the hori- Zontal to substantially the same extent as the path of travel for work provided by said supporting means.

12. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a main frame, supporting means mounted withrespect thereto and providing a path of travel for work inclined lengthwise to the horizontal at an angle equal to or greater than that at which gravity will feed the, work along said sup porting means, a grinding wheel mounted upon said main frame and positioned at one side of said supporting means for grinding action upon the work supported thereby, a regulating wheel providing a peripheral regulating surface moving at relatively low speed for controlling the rotation of the work and positioned on the other'side of said supporting means, and means mounting said regulating wheel upon said main frame with its axis inclined to the horizontal to substantially the same extent as the path of travel for work provided by said supporting means.

13, In apparatus of the character de scribed, in combination, a main frame, supporting means mounted with respect thereto and providing a path of travel for work inclined lengthwise to the horizontal at an angle equal to or greater than that at which gravity will feed the work along said sup- 'porting means, a grinding wheel mounted upon said main frame and positioned at one side of said supporting means for. grinding action upon the Work supported thereby, a regulating Wheel providing a peripheral regulating surface moving at relatively low speed for controlling the rotation of the work and positioned on the other side of said supporting means, a carriage for rotatably supporting said regulating wheel, and guiding ways on said main frame extending in a direction to permit movement of said car-;

riage and said regulating wheel in a direction toward or away from the grinding Wheel,

said ways being inclined transversely of the clined. lengthwise to the horizontal at an angle equal to or greater than that at which gravity will feed the work along said supporting means, a regulating wheel supported upon said main frame and positioned on one side of said work-supporting means and .adapted to present a regulating surface traveling at relatively low speed for controlling the rotation of work on said supporting means, a grinding wheel on the other side of said supporting means and presenting a peripheral operative surface for grinding action upon the work and said supporting -means, a carriage for rotatably' mounting said grinding wheel, and guiding *ways on said 'main frame for guidmg said carriage in a direction toward or away from said regulating wheel, said ways being ineli-ned'in a direction transverse to the direction *of movement of said carnage thereby to incline v the axis of said grinding wheel to the horizontal to substantially the same extent as the I path of travel for work on said supporting means.

In testimony whereof, l have signed my name to this specification this tenth day of February, 1923.

' LEWIS R. f 

